Socrates

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                  Socrates 

                                       

                                                           Socrates Wikipedia

Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher .He also father of greek philosophy. He was born in circa 470 BC in Athens, Greece, and is best known for his contributions to ethics and epistemology. Socrates did not leave any written works; much of what we know about him comes from the writings of his students, particularly Plato, and later philosophers like Xenophon and Aristophanes. Click here


History behind of Socrates :

The people of Athens were believed that they had blessed by Apollo. Apollo as known as god of Prophecy. Stories say that once he was asked who is the wisest person in the world? Then the oracle replied that - Socrates. Socrates is also annoyed, so he decides that they will go to Athens and ask everyone what he (Socrates) knows about him.So, Socrates started to asked question about many things and he also เช…เชธ્เช•ેเชก intuitively. Which was known as method of Socrates after some time.


Method of Socrates : 

The Socratic method is a form of cooperative dialogue used by the Greek philosopher Socrates to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas. This method involves asking a series of questions that lead the interlocutor to examine their beliefs, uncover assumptions, and arrive at a deeper understanding of the subject at hand.


Features :  method of Socrates

  


Dialectical Approach:

Socrates engaged in dialogue with others, asking questions that challenged their views and encouraged them to think critically. The goal was not to win an argument but to reach a clearer understanding of the truth.



Elenchus (Refutation):

Socrates would often ask a series of questions that exposed contradictions in the interlocutor's beliefs, leading them to reconsider their positions. This process of refutation helped to clarify and refine ideas.


Maieutics (Midwifery):

Socrates likened his role to that of a midwife, helping others give birth to their own ideas. Through questioning, he helped his interlocutors realize and articulate knowledge that they already possessed, but were not fully aware of.


Iony:

Socratic irony involves Socrates pretending to be ignorant or asking questions he already knows the answer to. This tactic encourages the other person to engage more deeply and reveal their own knowledge or ignorance.


Ethical Focus:

The Socratic method often focused on ethical questions, such as "What is justice?" or "What is virtue?" Socrates believed that understanding these concepts was essential for living a good life.


Example of the Socratic Method in Practice:

In Plato’s dialogue "Euthyphro," Socrates asks Euthyphro to define piety. Through a series of questions, Socrates demonstrates that Euthyphro's definitions are inconsistent or inadequate, leading to a deeper exploration of the concept. This process illustrates how the Socratic method helps to expose unclear thinking and move closer to truth.


The Socrates method remains influential in modern education, particularly in law and philosophy, where it is used to develop critical thinking skills and explore complex issues.


• Socrates : Thoughts





                           
> Anyone who commits a crime should be punished whether he is inside the person or outside the state.

> It is our responsibility to protect and respect the person who did not commit the crime even if he is outside.

> The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.


War : Athens & Sparta :



 Peloponnesian War

The Sparta was won in Peloponnesian war and democracy stopped and Feudalism was started in 404 BC. He held a total of 30 Feudal in Athens which was known as "thirty tyrants ". Many time they clash with Socrates.


According to an incident in which four other people including Socrates were given responsibility by 30 tyrants including Socrates to catch the criminal, in which Socrates did not agree and was ordered to be put to death.But after some time democracy come back and Socrates already saved by them.

Death of Socrates :

Socrates died by drinking a cup of hemlock poison. He was sentenced to death in 399 BC in Athens after being found guilty of corrupting the minds of the youth and impiety (not believing in the gods of the city). His death is famously recounted in Plato's dialogues, particularly in the "Phaedo," where Socrates discusses his views on the afterlife before drinking the poison. According to people Socrates was  used to misguide the youth and he also  criticized the gods and goddesses of Athens.He was often plotted by his disciples to escape from prison, but rejected them because he considered the fear of death foolish and ended up drinking poison.





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